Djihad Rozikan

Geophysics Station of Pasuruan, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Sedap Malam, Pandaan, Pasuruan, Indonesia

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

Ratna Dewi Syarifah

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

Novita Hendrastuti

Geophysics Station of Pasuruan, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Sedap Malam, Pandaan, Pasuruan, Indonesia

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

Tofa Mus Rochim

Geophysics Station of Pasuruan, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Sedap Malam, Pandaan, Pasuruan, Indonesia

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

M Mochamad Tanwiruz Zaman

Geophysics Station of Pasuruan, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Sedap Malam, Pandaan, Pasuruan, Indonesia

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

Mila Hidayatul Aula

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v27i2.60016

ABSTRACT 

Lightning is a common atmospheric hazard in tropical regions and poses significant risks to human activity and infrastructure. The aim of this research is to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning in Jember Regency, Indonesia during 2025. The data used were obtained from a lightning detection network operated by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), including occurrence time, geographic coordinates, polarity, and estimated peak current of each event. Temporal analysis was performed to examine the distribution of lightning strikes over monthly and diurnal periods. Furthermore, spatial analysis focused on mapping the distribution of lightning density and peak current with the help of a geographic information system. The results showed temporal variations in lightning activity, with higher activity during the early months of the year, a decrease during the middle of the year, and an increase again toward the end of the year. Meanwhile, the diurnal distribution shows a peak occurrence in 1 - 3 pm Western Indonesian Time (WIB) or UTC+7, which is associated with solar heating of the Earth's surface, leading to enhanced atmospheric instability and promoting the growth of convective clouds. The results of the spatial analysis show that lightning density is uneven, with higher concentrations in the western and central areas. The differences in patterns between lightning density and peak current indicate that the frequency of occurrence and the intensity of discharge are different hazard parameters. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for lightning risk mitigation planning at the regional level.

Keywords: cloud-to-ground lightning, lightning density, peak current, hazard mapping spatiotemporal.